The trial was registered before patient enrollment at (NCT04329026 registered March 29, 2020, principal investigator Prof. This prospective, single-blinded, parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial was approved by the Seoul National University Hospital Institutional Review Board (Chairperson Prof. Therefore, we hypothesized that the use of smart glasses would increase the first-attempt success rate of radial arterial catheterization compared with the conventional ultrasound-guided catheterization in small pediatric patients. ![]() Considering the small internal diameter of the peripheral artery and other associated technical difficulties, 4 the application of smart glasses can improve the success rate of peripheral arterial catheterization in small pediatric patients. Smart glasses allow the practitioner to coordinate the ultrasound screen, ultrasound probe, and catheter needle without head movement. 12, 13 However, there have been no study on the use of smart glasses for arterial catheterization in pediatric patients. Previous studies have shown the effect of head-mounted display on head and neck movement during adult vascular access using a central venous catheterization simulator and a peripheral vascular phantom. 9, 11 With their connection to the ultrasound machine, smart glasses project the ultrasound screen right in front of the operator’s eyes so that the operator can easily see both the procedure field and ultrasound screen simultaneously without head and eye movement. Recently, head-mounted displays such as smart glasses have been widely used in medical practice. The proportion of positive ergonomic satisfaction (4 = good or 5 = best) was higher in the smart glasses group than in the control group (65.5% vs. ![]() The overall complication rate was lower in the smart glasses group than in the control group (5.2% vs. The smart glasses group had a shorter first-attempt procedure time (median, 33 s interquartile range, 23 to 47 s range, 10 to 141 s) than the control group (median, 43 s interquartile range, 31 to 67 s range, 17 to 248 s P = 0.007). ![]() The smart glasses group had a higher first-attempt success rate than the control group (87.9% vs. In total, 116 children were included in the analysis.
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